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chlamydia transmission A female condom developed by researchers not only provides contraception but also wards off sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
Researchers at the University of Washington (UW) developed the condom from tiny microfibres through a method called 'electrospinning'. They are then designed to dissolve after use, either within minutes or over several days.
Not only would the condom block sperm, it could time-release a potent mix of anti-HIV drugs and hormonal contraceptives, the Daily Mail reported.
Kim Woodrow, assistant professor of bio-engineering at Washington, said: "Our dream is to create a product women can use to protect themselves from HIV infection and unintended pregnancy. We have the drugs to do that. It's really about delivering them in a way that makes them more potent, and allows a woman to want to use it."
Woodrow presented the idea, and co-authors Emily Krogstad and Cameron Ball, both first-year graduate students, agreed to pursue the project, at a meeting held last year.
Ball added: "This method allows controlled release of multiple compounds. We were able to tune the fibres to have different release properties."
One of the fabrics dissolves within minutes, offering users immediate protection, while another fabric dissolves gradually over a few days, providing an alternative to the birth-control pill, to provide contraception and protect against HIV.
chlamydia transmission, which is often known as the silent disease because it has few symptoms, reduces a man's ability to produce children, they found.
Research has found Chlamydia damages sperm
The disease, which is still on the rise in the UK, is more well known for making women infertile if left untreated.
But now researchers, led by Dr Jose Fernandez from Canalejo University Hospital in La Coruna, Spain, have discovered how chlamydia also affects men.
They looked at the damaged sperm of 143 men from infertile couples and compared it with sperm from 50 fertile men.
The infertile men had chlamydia and another common urinary tract infection called Mycoplasma.
The level of damage - or DNA fragmentation - in the infertile men's sperm was more than three times higher than in healthy men.
The concentration of their sperm, its ability to swim quickly and defects in the shape of it were also poor when compared with the healthy volunteers.
The experts then treated 95 of the infertile men with antibiotics and found their DNA sperm damage improved an average of 36% after four months.
During that period, 13% of the couples got pregnant and, after the treatment was finished, 86% got pregnant.
The findings were released today at the American Society for Reproductive Medicine conference in Washington DC.
Figures published in July by the Health Protection Agency showed a 4% rise in chlamydia between 2005 and 2006, from 109,418 cases to 113,585.
Experts have been particularly concerned about rates of chlamydia among young people, with the NHS launching a national screening programme.
In 2006/07, 115,073 women under 25 were screened but experts are urging more young men to get tested, with only 31,126 screened during the same period.
Dr Allan Pacey, senior lecturer in andrology at the University of Sheffield and Secretary of the British Fertility Society, said more needed to be done to target the younger generation.
He said: "The message is that we might think of chlamydia as a disease that damages female fertility, but we need to think again.
"It does damage female fertility, but it appears to damage male fertility too.
"The thing that drives most men to sexual health clinics is symptoms, and chlamydia is often symptom-free.
"Chlamydia is getting out of control. We have got to encourage men as well as women to go for screening, but men are more reluctant to do this if they don't have symptoms.
"It is the 18 to 25 age group that is of most concern. There should be a page on Facebook you can log onto and sort screening out."
Dr Fernandez said more research was needed to follow up his study.
And he added: "We've developed a new technique that allows us to look at the extent of DNA fragmentation in sperm cells using a microscope. "The purpose of our work was to analyse if there's an increase in fragmentation of DNA with infection.
"It was found after four months of treatment there was a significant decrease in DNA damage that could improve pregnancy rates in these couples.
"Fertility clinics should check for these infections."
The bacteria that chlamydia transmission, the world's most common sexually transmitted disease, seems to be sneakier than once thought, as a new study suggests it frequently exchanges DNA between different strains to form entirely new strains.
Chlaymydia is caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis, and though its symptoms are often mild, the sexually transmitted disease can cause infertility in women and a discharge from the penis of an infected man. Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STD in the world, including in the U.S. where more than 1.3 million cases were reported in 2010. About 100 million cases of Chlamydia are reported each year across the globe.
Scientists know there are two groups of Chlamydia strains, one that seems to infect the eyes and urinary-genital areas, and another set known to spread through the lymphatic system, which is important to the body's immune system. Currently, an epidemic of the lymphatic types is progressing in Europe and North America, particularly in men who have sex with men, the researchers note online today (March 11) in the journal Nature Genetics.
However, little is known about how these different strains evolve and emerge.
"Scientists recently discovered that if two Chlamydia strains co-infect the same person at the same time, they can swap DNA by a process called recombination," lead researcher Dr. Simon Harris, from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, said in a statement.
To find out how widespread this swapping is, Harris and colleagues compared the genome sequences of 53 strains of C. trachomatis, which were isolated from epidemics that occurred between 1959 and 2009; the strains were meant to represent the diversity of Chlamydia seen in clinical settings. Results showed that even when the Chlamydia strains had infected different parts of the body, they could still swap DNA with each other, leading to new strains. [Quiz: Test Your STD Smarts]
Recombination "was originally thought only to affect a few 'hotspots' within the genome," Harris said. "We were very surprised to find recombination is far more widespread than previously thought."
The results have implications for how the STD is diagnosed. Currently, doctors use a test that returns a positive or negative for Chlamydia infections, without any information on the particular strain. That means doctors can't tell, say, if a person who tests positive again after being treated with antibiotics has picked up a second strain of Chlamydia or if their treatment has failed.
While antibiotic-resistant Chlamydia has not been seen in patients, it does occur in the lab. If it did occur in the general population, current tests would not detect it.
"Until now a person treated with antibiotics with a reoccurring infection of C. trachomatis was assumed to have been re-infected," study researcher Dr. Nicholas Thomson, also of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, said in a statement. "The current gaps in our understanding of the population makeup of Chlamydia limit our ability to implement health policies, because we do not fully understand how Chlamydia spreads within our population."
The scientists are now working with hospitals to bring technologies for whole-genome sequencing into clinical settings.
There are not many video game franchises that can be called "sure things", but the "Madden" series is as close as you can get.
Since 1988, the EA's football simulator has attracted players attention and its release is considered as the flagpole event that kicks off the industry's holiday season. And it is always one of the best-selling titles this year.
With the release of Madden NFL 18 hits shelves on Friday, it smakes a shift of sorts for the titles, though. While new iterations usually have small tweaks, this year's entry in the series has one of the biggest additions of the past several years.
In addition to the game's usual pick-up-and-play and multiplayer modes, this year's "Madden" includes a track called "Longshot Mode", which is a narrative single-player game that puts players in NFL rookie shoes when he starts on the long way to becoming a star. That is a story mode in sport game, something that Madden has never done before(and few sports games have tried before Take-Two Interactive Software's "NBA 2K" series did it two years ago).
The publisher hopes that the new game elements will increase the game's immersion factors for the players - although the fans may accept this addition, it is difficult to see how they could be more immersed in the franchise.
"Madden is a machine that keeps rolling on," says P.J. McNealy, founder and CEO of Digital World Research. "There's a dedicated fan base that loves the NFL and 'Madden' is a huge part of it."
In addition to taking a more personal view of football (which encompasses the sacrifices players make early on, the stress of going through the NFL combine to impress scouts and, ultimately, the price of celebrity and the potential downsides it can have for people around you), "Madden NFL 18" also has significantly improved graphics engine and fans will be able to play the upcoming NFL matchups with updated statistics, rosters as well as fresh in-game commentary.
"Madden" is also a family-friendly game, meaning that parents can play with their children, and then swap in "Assassin's Creed Origins" when the children go to bed.
Of course, some football enthusiasts will play "Madden" almost obsessively. The release of the game every year marks a series of super fans who are sick on the day of release. And the NFL players regularly check their in-game player rankings to see if they have enough representatives, although some (especially rookies) tend to overestimate their numbers because EA tweeted in this video leading up to the release of the game.
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NFL Coins officially releases Tuesday, and there are actually multiple approaches to acquire an early increase to one's roster within the incredibly well-known card-based collecting and team-building mode called Ultimate Group.
The most apparent path should be to acquire the G.O.A.T. edition on the game, which fees $20 much more and gives the ability to choose of 1 of 5 legends (Tom Brady, Barry Sanders, Jerry Rice, Ray Lewis, Deion Sanders), an "Elite" player from a pool of 32 representing every team and 12 Squad Packs to open.
Moreover, a promotion by way of Amazon Prime will provide a number of legends and collectibles for free all through the season.
Amazon owns the well-known video game streaming website Twitch, and in connecting a Prime account to a Twitch account, you'll find numerous added benefits, like bonus in-game loot each month to get a variety of games, ad-free viewing as well as a free of charge channel subscription. This is just the second time a significant sports game has been involved in digital giveaways. Earlier this year members received $20 in Virtual Currency for "NBA 2K17."
The promotion for cheap mut 18 coins will supply 25 legend cards more than the course of your season and collectibles, that are applied to improve player ratings. The legends will commence at 83 All round but is often boosted to 90 General by applying 4 collectibles.
Reggie White could be the first card to go out and at a higher rating of 85 - he'll be added for the team virtually straight away following sign-up. The remaining legends will likely be revealed weekly and then delivered to accounts on Saturdays. 5 upgrade collectibles accompany White inside the initially pack, but afterwards there are going to be only 1 per week.